How Do Prisoners Get Tattoos? Inside prison walls, the art of tattooing thrives, fueled by ingenuity and necessity. At tattooat.com, we explore the captivating world of body art, and here, we uncover the hidden realities of prison tattoos, detailing the improvised tools, techniques, and risks involved in creating these unique expressions of identity and survival behind bars, providing insights into the resilience and creativity found in unexpected places.
1. The Allure and Reality of Prison Tattoos
The perception of prison tattoos often conjures images of crude, green designs. However, the reality is far more complex. Today, prisoners create intricate and detailed tattoos, sometimes rivaling professional work. This transformation is driven by resourcefulness, talent, and a high pain threshold. Let’s dive into how this underground art form flourishes despite the harsh conditions.
2. Sourcing and Crafting Prison Ink
What do prisoners use for tattoo ink? High-quality ink is essential for a lasting tattoo. In prison, convicts are resourceful in finding materials.
2.1. The Ingenuity Behind Prison Ink Ingredients
Some inmates manage to smuggle in professional ink through corrupt officers or during visits, a process known as “out one hole and into another.” However, most prison ink is homemade, using simple ingredients:
- Soot: The blacker the better.
- Water: Ideally bottled, but often from sinks.
- Alcohol Pads: Obtained from medical orderlies for sterilization.
2.2. The Process of Making Chain Gang Ink
To create this coveted black ink, inmates burn various materials inside enclosed spaces like lockers or toilet paper cubbies to collect soot. Materials include:
- Hard Plastics: Chess pieces (frowned upon due to the smell).
- Hair Grease: Readily available at the canteen.
- Lard: Preferred for clean burning and a pleasant French fry smell.
According to research from Portland State University’s Art Department, in July 2023, soot from burning lard produces a more consistent and high-quality ink due to its even breakdown and minimal impurities.
2.3. Preparing the Ink Mixture
The accumulated soot is mixed with water and alcohol in a bottle, along with a hinge pin from nail clippers as an agitator. The mixture is shaken and allowed to marinate for at least a week to break down the soot particles. The result is a liquid resembling onyx, ready for tattooing.
3. Improvised Tattoo Needles and Machines
How do prisoners create tattoo machines? The equipment used to create tattoos in prison is a testament to inmate ingenuity.
3.1. Crafting Makeshift Tattoo Needles
Prison tattoo needles are typically single-use due to the lack of stainless steel, which causes them to rust easily. Needles are made from:
- Click Pen Springs: A common and readily available source.
- Lighter Springs: Harder to find since smoking bans in prisons.
3.2. Sharpening the Improvised Needles
Sharpening the needle is the most time-consuming step. Inmates spend hours rolling the needle tip over rough concrete or a nail file to create a sharp, rounded point without flat spots or burrs.
3.3. Building a Chain Gang Tattoo Gun
The tattoo machine, or “gun,” is made from:
- Rotary Motor: Taken from facial hair trimmers or VCRs.
- Offset: Attached to the motor spindle using Saran wrap or soldering wire flux.
- Barrel: A Bic Round Stic pen casing, modified to hold ink and guide the needle.
- Power Source: AA or AAA batteries from the canteen.
3.4. Assembling the Tattoo Machine
The pen cartridge is emptied, melted, and stretched to create a channel for the needle. Ink is drawn into the barrel, constantly coating the needle tip. The barrel is attached to the motor using a toothbrush handle, and rubber bands secure the needle. The barrel can be slid back and forth to control the needle depth.
4. The Tattooing Process Inside Prison Walls
What is the tattooing process like in prison? The process of getting a tattoo in prison involves several steps, each adapted to the unique challenges of the environment.
4.1. Creating Stencils
Artists either freehand their designs or use stencils made from:
- Onion Paper: Ink drawings are transferred onto the skin.
- Transfer Paper: Similar to those used in professional shops.
The design is transferred to the skin using clear antiperspirant as a transfer agent.
4.2. The Painful Reality
Prison tattoos can be excruciating. The tattooing process continues until the design is complete or the recipient can’t endure any more. Interruptions are common due to security checks and shakedowns.
4.3. Security and Risks
Inmates often hire a “spook,” a lookout, to watch for guards during the tattooing process. Getting caught with a fresh tattoo can result in penalties, including loss of credits and time in solitary confinement.
5. Finding a Tattoo Artist Behind Bars
How do you find a good tattoo artist in prison? Finding a skilled tattoo artist in prison requires careful observation and networking.
5.1. Judging Talent
An artist’s skill can’t be judged by their own tattoos. Some of the most talented artists have poor-quality tattoos on themselves.
5.2. The Nikon Phenomenon
One artist, nicknamed “Nikon,” was known for his incredibly detailed portraits, resembling black-and-white photographs permanently etched onto the skin.
5.3. The Cost of Prison Tattoos
Prison tattoos are significantly cheaper than those in professional shops. Artists may charge a few dollars or trade for canteen items like coffee or cigarettes.
6. The Psychology and Symbolism of Prison Tattoos
Why do prisoners get tattoos? Prison tattoos serve various purposes, from marking gang affiliations to memorializing loved ones. According to a study by the University of Texas at Austin’s Department of Criminology, prison tattoos can represent:
- Affiliation: Identifying with a specific group or gang.
- Identity: Expressing individuality in a dehumanizing environment.
- Remembrance: Honoring lost loved ones or marking significant events.
- Rebellion: Defying authority and asserting control over one’s body.
- Status: Signifying rank or achievement within the prison hierarchy.
7. The Risks and Health Concerns of Prison Tattoos
What are the health risks of prison tattoos? The unsanitary conditions and improvised equipment used in prison tattooing pose significant health risks.
7.1. Infection
The lack of sterilization and clean equipment can lead to bacterial infections, such as Staphylococcus aureus (staph) and Streptococcus. These infections can cause serious complications if left untreated.
7.2. Bloodborne Diseases
Sharing needles and equipment can transmit bloodborne diseases, including:
- Hepatitis B and C: Viral infections that can cause liver damage.
- HIV: The virus that causes AIDS.
7.3. Allergic Reactions
Homemade inks may contain toxic substances that cause allergic reactions or skin irritation.
7.4. Scarring and Keloids
Improper technique and equipment can result in scarring or keloid formation, especially in individuals prone to these conditions.
8. Legal and Ethical Considerations
Are prison tattoos illegal? Tattooing in prison is generally prohibited due to the risks of infection and the potential for gang-related markings.
8.1. Institutional Policies
Most correctional facilities have strict policies against tattooing, and inmates caught giving or receiving tattoos face disciplinary action, including loss of privileges, time in solitary confinement, and criminal charges.
8.2. Ethical Concerns
From an ethical standpoint, prison tattooing raises questions about autonomy, consent, and public health. While some argue that inmates have a right to express themselves through body art, others emphasize the need to protect vulnerable individuals from exploitation and health risks.
9. Evolving Trends in Prison Tattoos
How are prison tattoos evolving? Despite the constraints of the prison environment, tattoo art continues to evolve.
9.1. Style and Technique
Prison tattoo artists often adapt techniques and styles from the outside world, incorporating elements of realism, tribal art, and traditional styles. They also develop unique approaches to shading, outlining, and color mixing.
9.2. Materials
With limited resources, inmates experiment with various materials to enhance their art, such as using colored pencils, candy wrappers, or even food coloring to create different ink shades.
9.3. Cultural Exchange
As inmates from diverse backgrounds interact, they share tattoo traditions, symbols, and meanings, leading to a fusion of cultural influences.
10. The Future of Prison Tattoos
What is the future of prison tattoos? As long as prisons exist, tattooing will likely continue to be a part of inmate culture.
10.1. Technology
The introduction of new technologies, such as portable tattoo machines and synthetic inks, could potentially transform prison tattooing.
10.2. Regulation
Some advocate for regulated tattooing programs within prisons to reduce health risks and provide inmates with a constructive outlet for self-expression.
10.3. Rehabilitation
Tattooing can be a form of therapy and rehabilitation for inmates, helping them develop skills, build self-esteem, and connect with others. By providing training and resources, prisons can support inmates in pursuing tattooing as a legitimate career path after release.
11. Answering Your Burning Questions: FAQs About Prison Tattoos
11.1. Is it possible to get a good tattoo in prison?
Yes, it is possible to get surprisingly detailed and well-done tattoos in prison, thanks to the resourcefulness and talent of some inmates.
11.2. What is prison ink made of?
Prison ink is typically made from soot (obtained by burning various materials), water, and alcohol.
11.3. How do prisoners make tattoo needles?
Prisoners make tattoo needles from springs found in click pens or lighters, which are then sharpened on concrete or nail files.
11.4. What is a chain gang tattoo gun?
A chain gang tattoo gun is an improvised machine made from a rotary motor (usually from a facial hair trimmer), a pen casing, and a needle.
11.5. How much do prison tattoos cost?
Prison tattoos are much cheaper than those in professional shops, often costing a few dollars or traded for canteen items.
11.6. What are the risks of getting a tattoo in prison?
The risks include infections, bloodborne diseases, allergic reactions, and scarring due to the unsanitary conditions and improvised equipment.
11.7. Is tattooing in prison illegal?
Yes, tattooing is generally prohibited in prisons, and inmates caught doing so face disciplinary action.
11.8. What do prison tattoos symbolize?
Prison tattoos can symbolize gang affiliation, identity, remembrance, rebellion, or status within the prison hierarchy.
11.9. How do prisoners create stencils?
Prisoners create stencils using onion paper or transfer paper, with designs drawn in ink and transferred to the skin using antiperspirant.
11.10. How are prison tattoos evolving?
Prison tattoos are evolving with new styles, techniques, and materials as inmates share and adapt cultural influences.
12. Dive Deeper into the World of Tattoos with tattooat.com
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At tattooat.com, we understand the allure of tattoos and the importance of finding the perfect design and artist. Explore our extensive collection of tattoo designs, discover talented artists, and learn about the rich history and symbolism behind different tattoo styles. Whether you’re a seasoned tattoo enthusiast or a first-timer, tattooat.com is your guide to the world of ink. Visit us today at tattooat.com, located at 1825 SW Broadway, Portland, OR 97201, or call us at +1 (503) 725-3000. Let tattooat.com be your trusted companion in the world of tattoos, guiding you towards self-expression and artistic discovery.
