Can You Make A Tattoo Thinner? Yes, it is possible to make a tattoo thinner, though the process and effectiveness depend on the tattoo’s age, size, and ink colors. At tattooat.com, we provide expert guidance on tattoo modification, offering insights into techniques like laser treatment and cover-up designs that can refine your body art to better reflect your evolving style and preferences. Explore solutions to refresh your look, enhance old designs, or correct unwanted artwork.
1. Understanding Tattoo Thickness and Design
Tattoo thickness refers to the width and boldness of lines and shading within a tattoo design. Several factors influence how thick or thin a tattoo appears, impacting its overall aesthetic and how it ages over time.
1.1 Factors Influencing Tattoo Thickness
| Factor | Description |
|---|---|
| Artist’s Technique | The skill and style of the tattoo artist significantly affect line thickness. Experienced artists can create precise, fine lines, while others might prefer bolder, more pronounced outlines. |
| Needle Size | Different needle sizes are used for various effects. Smaller needles create finer lines, whereas larger needles produce thicker, bolder lines. The choice depends on the design and desired outcome. |
| Ink Density | How densely the ink is packed into the skin affects the visual weight of the tattoo. Higher ink density results in darker, thicker-looking lines, while less density creates a softer, thinner appearance. |
| Design Complexity | Intricate designs with many fine details require thinner lines to maintain clarity. Simpler designs can often accommodate thicker lines without losing definition. |
| Skin Type | Skin type can influence how a tattoo heals and appears over time. Thicker skin may allow for bolder lines, while thinner skin might require finer lines to prevent the ink from spreading. |
| Placement | The location of the tattoo on the body can also impact perceived thickness. Areas with more subcutaneous fat or muscle may allow for slightly thicker lines, while areas closer to bone may require more delicate work. |
| Ink Color | Some ink colors appear bolder than others. Darker colors like black and deep blues tend to create a more pronounced effect, while lighter colors might require thicker application to achieve visibility. |
| Age of Tattoo | Over time, tattoos can spread slightly as the ink settles in the skin. This natural process can cause lines to appear thicker and less defined, especially if they were initially very fine. |
| Aftercare | Proper aftercare is crucial for maintaining the integrity of the tattoo. Poor aftercare can lead to ink fading or spreading, affecting the perceived thickness and clarity of the design. |
| Environmental Factors | Exposure to sun and other environmental factors can cause the ink to break down and fade, which can affect how thick or thin a tattoo appears. Regular sunscreen use can help mitigate these effects. |
1.2 How Design Choices Affect Perceived Thickness
The design choices you make significantly impact how thick or thin your tattoo appears. Simpler designs with fewer details often work well with bolder lines, creating a striking and easily readable image. On the other hand, intricate designs with many fine details require thinner lines to ensure clarity and prevent the tattoo from looking cluttered.
Negative space, the areas of skin left untouched by ink, plays a crucial role in defining the shapes and lines within a tattoo. Utilizing negative space effectively can make lines appear thinner and more defined by providing contrast and separation.
The use of shading can also alter the perceived thickness of a tattoo. Soft, subtle shading can create depth and dimension without adding visual weight, whereas heavy shading can make the entire design appear bolder and thicker.
Color choices also matter. Darker colors naturally appear bolder and can make lines seem thicker, while lighter colors might require thicker application to achieve the desired effect. Understanding these elements allows you to collaborate effectively with your tattoo artist to achieve the desired look.
For inspiration and ideas on tattoo designs that utilize different line thicknesses, visit tattooat.com.
2. Reasons for Wanting a Thinner Tattoo
There are many reasons why someone might want to make their tattoo thinner. Over time, preferences change, styles evolve, and what once seemed appealing may no longer align with current tastes. Additionally, certain design elements or execution flaws can lead to a desire for a thinner, more refined tattoo.
2.1 Evolving Personal Style
Personal style is rarely static. As individuals grow and change, their tastes in fashion, art, and self-expression evolve. A tattoo that once felt like a perfect representation of oneself may, over time, seem outdated or out of sync with one’s current aesthetic.
Consider the case of bold, tribal tattoos that were highly popular in the 1990s and early 2000s. While these designs held deep meaning for many, some individuals now find them too heavy or aggressive for their evolving style. Similarly, trends in tattoo art come and go, influencing what is considered fashionable or desirable. What was once a cutting-edge design may now seem dated, prompting a desire for something more contemporary and subtle.
Many people also find that their professional lives influence their tattoo preferences. A large, conspicuous tattoo might have been acceptable in a previous job but could be a hindrance in a new career. In such cases, making the tattoo thinner or more discreet can be a practical decision driven by professional considerations.
2.2 Correction of Design Flaws
Even with a skilled tattoo artist, mistakes can happen. Design flaws, such as uneven lines, inconsistent shading, or poorly executed details, can detract from the overall appearance of a tattoo. In some cases, the initial concept might not translate well onto the skin, resulting in a tattoo that looks different from what was envisioned.
Ink migration, where the ink spreads beyond the intended lines, is another common issue. This can cause lines to blur and thicken over time, distorting the original design. Blowouts, which occur when the ink is injected too deeply into the skin, can also result in blurred lines and a loss of definition.
Poorly executed shading can also contribute to a desire for a thinner tattoo. Overly dark or uneven shading can make the design appear heavy and unbalanced, while insufficient shading can leave the tattoo looking flat and incomplete. Correcting these flaws often involves thinning out existing lines and refining the overall design to achieve a more polished and aesthetically pleasing result.
2.3 Minimizing Visibility
There are various personal and professional reasons for wanting to minimize the visibility of a tattoo. Some individuals may find that their tattoos attract unwanted attention or scrutiny, particularly in conservative environments. Others may wish to reduce the prominence of a tattoo for professional reasons, such as maintaining a certain image in the workplace.
In some cases, individuals may want to make a tattoo thinner to make it easier to conceal. A smaller, more delicate design can be easily covered with clothing or makeup, providing greater flexibility in managing its visibility.
Additionally, some people may experience regret or embarrassment about a tattoo, especially if it is associated with a past relationship or a phase of life they have moved beyond. Thinning out the tattoo can be a step towards reclaiming control over their body image and reducing the emotional burden associated with the tattoo.
3. Methods for Making a Tattoo Thinner
Several methods can be used to make a tattoo thinner, each with its own advantages and limitations. The choice of method depends on factors such as the size and location of the tattoo, the colors used, and the individual’s skin type and pain tolerance.
3.1 Laser Tattoo Removal
Laser tattoo removal is one of the most effective methods for reducing the thickness and prominence of a tattoo. The procedure involves using a laser to break down the ink particles in the skin, which are then naturally eliminated by the body.
3.1.1 How Laser Removal Works
Lasers emit concentrated beams of light that target specific ink colors. The light energy is absorbed by the ink particles, causing them to shatter into smaller fragments. These fragments are then carried away by the body’s immune system over time.
Different lasers are used to target different ink colors. For example, Q-switched lasers are commonly used for removing black and dark-colored inks, while other lasers are more effective on lighter colors like green, blue, and yellow.
The number of sessions required depends on several factors, including the size and color of the tattoo, the type of ink used, and the individual’s skin type. Most tattoos require multiple sessions spaced several weeks apart to achieve significant fading.
3.1.2 Advantages and Disadvantages
| Advantage | Description |
|---|---|
| Effective Fading | Laser removal can significantly fade or completely remove a tattoo, making it an ideal option for thinning out lines and reducing overall prominence. |
| Targeted Treatment | Lasers can target specific areas of the tattoo, allowing for precise removal of unwanted lines or shading without affecting the surrounding skin. |
| Minimal Scarring | Modern laser technology minimizes the risk of scarring when performed by a qualified and experienced practitioner. |
| Versatile Application | Laser removal can be used on various tattoo colors and skin types, making it a versatile option for many individuals. |
| Disadvantage | Description |
|---|---|
| Cost | Laser tattoo removal can be expensive, with costs varying depending on the size and complexity of the tattoo and the number of sessions required. |
| Pain | The procedure can be painful, often described as feeling like a rubber band snapping against the skin. However, pain management options like numbing creams and cooling devices can help alleviate discomfort. |
| Multiple Sessions | Multiple sessions are typically required to achieve significant fading, which can be time-consuming and require a long-term commitment. |
| Incomplete Removal | In some cases, complete removal of the tattoo may not be possible, particularly with certain ink colors or deeply embedded inks. |
| Skin Pigmentation Changes | Laser treatment can sometimes cause changes in skin pigmentation, such as lightening or darkening of the treated area. These changes are usually temporary but can be permanent in rare cases. |
3.1.3 What to Expect During and After Treatment
During a laser tattoo removal session, the practitioner will use a handheld device to deliver laser energy to the tattoo. The skin may feel warm or slightly painful during the procedure, and a cooling device is often used to minimize discomfort.
After the treatment, the skin may be red, swollen, and tender. Blistering is also common. It’s important to follow the practitioner’s aftercare instructions carefully to promote healing and prevent infection. This typically includes keeping the area clean and dry, applying a healing ointment, and avoiding sun exposure.
3.2 Tattoo Revision and Touch-Ups
Tattoo revision and touch-ups involve modifying an existing tattoo to improve its appearance or correct flaws. This can be an effective way to make a tattoo thinner by refining lines, reducing shading, or adding new elements to balance the design.
3.2.1 How Revision Works
Tattoo revision is typically performed by a skilled tattoo artist who specializes in corrective work. The artist will assess the existing tattoo and develop a plan to address the desired changes. This may involve thinning out lines by carefully removing ink, adding shading to create depth and dimension, or incorporating new design elements to enhance the overall composition.
Touch-ups are often used to refresh faded areas or correct minor imperfections. This can help restore the original appearance of the tattoo and ensure that the lines remain crisp and well-defined.
3.2.2 Advantages and Disadvantages
| Advantage | Description |
|---|---|
| Design Control | Revision allows for greater control over the final appearance of the tattoo, as the artist can make precise adjustments to achieve the desired effect. |
| Cost-Effective | Revision is often less expensive than laser removal, making it a more accessible option for individuals on a budget. |
| Improved Aesthetics | Revision can significantly improve the overall aesthetics of the tattoo by correcting flaws, refining lines, and enhancing the design. |
| Disadvantage | Description |
|---|---|
| Artist Skill | The success of revision depends heavily on the skill and experience of the tattoo artist. Choosing an artist who specializes in corrective work is crucial. |
| Limited Correction | Revision may not be able to completely correct certain flaws, particularly if the tattoo is heavily saturated with ink or the design is too complex. |
| Potential for Error | There is always a risk that revision could worsen the appearance of the tattoo if not performed correctly. Careful planning and communication with the artist are essential. |
3.2.3 Choosing the Right Artist for Revision
Choosing the right artist is crucial for successful tattoo revision. Look for an artist who has extensive experience in corrective work and a portfolio that showcases their skills. A consultation is essential to discuss your goals and expectations and to ensure that the artist understands your vision.
3.3 Cover-Up Tattoos
Cover-up tattoos involve concealing an existing tattoo with a new design. While this method doesn’t technically make the original tattoo thinner, it can effectively minimize its visibility and create a more appealing aesthetic.
3.3.1 How Cover-Ups Work
Cover-up tattoos work by layering a new design over the existing one. The new design must be darker and bolder than the original tattoo to effectively conceal it. The artist will use strategic shading and linework to integrate the old tattoo into the new design, making it virtually undetectable.
3.3.2 Design Considerations for Effective Cover-Ups
Choosing the right design is crucial for a successful cover-up. Darker colors like black, deep blues, and purples are more effective at concealing unwanted ink. Bold designs with plenty of detail and texture can also help to distract from the original tattoo.
It’s important to work closely with the artist to develop a design that will effectively cover the old tattoo while also meeting your aesthetic preferences. Be prepared to be flexible and open to suggestions, as the artist may need to make adjustments to the design to ensure a successful cover-up.
3.3.3 Advantages and Disadvantages
| Advantage | Description |
|---|---|
| Complete Concealment | Cover-ups can completely conceal an unwanted tattoo, providing a fresh start with a new design. |
| Creative Freedom | Cover-ups offer the opportunity to create a completely new and meaningful tattoo that reflects your current style and preferences. |
| Disadvantage | Description |
|---|---|
| Limited Design Options | The design options for a cover-up are limited by the size, shape, and color of the original tattoo. |
| Larger Size | Cover-up tattoos are typically larger than the original tattoo to ensure complete concealment. |
| Darker Colors | Cover-ups often require the use of darker colors, which may not appeal to everyone. |
4. Factors to Consider Before Proceeding
Before deciding to make a tattoo thinner, it’s important to carefully consider several factors to ensure that you make the right choice for your individual circumstances.
4.1 Pain Tolerance
All tattoo modification methods involve some degree of pain or discomfort. Laser tattoo removal is often described as feeling like a rubber band snapping against the skin, while tattoo revision and cover-ups involve the same pain as getting a new tattoo.
Consider your pain tolerance and discuss pain management options with your practitioner. Numbing creams, cooling devices, and other techniques can help alleviate discomfort during the procedure.
4.2 Cost
The cost of tattoo modification varies depending on the method used, the size and complexity of the tattoo, and the practitioner’s fees. Laser tattoo removal is generally the most expensive option, while tattoo revision and cover-ups are typically more affordable.
Obtain quotes from multiple practitioners and carefully consider your budget before making a decision. Keep in mind that cheaper options may not always be the best choice, as the quality of the work can vary significantly.
4.3 Healing Time
All tattoo modification methods require some healing time. Laser tattoo removal can cause redness, swelling, and blistering, which can take several weeks to heal. Tattoo revision and cover-ups involve the same healing process as getting a new tattoo, which typically takes two to four weeks.
Follow your practitioner’s aftercare instructions carefully to promote healing and prevent infection. Avoid sun exposure, keep the area clean and dry, and apply any recommended ointments or creams.
4.4 Skin Type and Sensitivity
Skin type and sensitivity can influence the success and safety of tattoo modification. Individuals with sensitive skin may be more prone to irritation, scarring, or pigmentation changes.
Discuss your skin type and any sensitivities with your practitioner before proceeding. They can recommend the most appropriate method for your skin and take precautions to minimize the risk of complications.
4.5 Tattoo Age and Ink Composition
The age and ink composition of the tattoo can also affect the outcome of modification. Older tattoos with faded ink may be easier to remove or revise, while newer tattoos with heavily saturated ink may require more aggressive treatment.
Certain ink colors are more difficult to remove than others. Black and dark-colored inks are generally the easiest to target with lasers, while lighter colors like green, blue, and yellow can be more challenging.
5. Finding a Qualified Professional
Choosing a qualified and experienced professional is essential for safe and effective tattoo modification. Whether you’re considering laser tattoo removal, tattoo revision, or a cover-up, it’s important to do your research and select a practitioner who has the skills and expertise to achieve your desired results.
5.1 How to Research Potential Artists
Start by researching potential artists online. Look for websites, social media profiles, and online reviews to get a sense of their style, experience, and reputation. Pay attention to before-and-after photos to see examples of their work and assess their skill in tattoo modification.
Check for certifications and licenses to ensure that the artist is properly trained and qualified. Look for artists who specialize in the specific type of tattoo modification you’re interested in, whether it’s laser removal, revision, or cover-ups.
5.2 Questions to Ask During a Consultation
A consultation is an opportunity to meet with the artist, discuss your goals and expectations, and ask any questions you may have. Here are some important questions to ask:
- What is your experience with tattoo modification?
- Can I see before-and-after photos of your work?
- What methods do you recommend for my tattoo, and why?
- What are the risks and potential complications?
- How many sessions will be required, and what is the estimated cost?
- What aftercare instructions do you provide?
5.3 Importance of Seeing a Portfolio
A portfolio is a collection of the artist’s best work. Reviewing an artist’s portfolio is essential to assess their skill and style and to ensure that they are capable of achieving your desired results.
Look for portfolios that showcase a variety of tattoo modification techniques, including laser removal, revision, and cover-ups. Pay attention to the quality of the linework, shading, and color blending. Look for examples of tattoos that are similar to yours in terms of size, color, and design.
6. Aftercare and Maintenance
Proper aftercare is crucial for ensuring the best possible outcome after tattoo modification. Following your practitioner’s instructions carefully can help promote healing, prevent infection, and minimize the risk of complications.
6.1 Specific Aftercare Instructions for Different Methods
Aftercare instructions vary depending on the method used for tattoo modification. Here are some general guidelines:
- Laser Tattoo Removal: Keep the area clean and dry. Apply a healing ointment as recommended by your practitioner. Avoid sun exposure and wear loose-fitting clothing to protect the treated area.
- Tattoo Revision and Cover-Ups: Follow the same aftercare instructions as for a new tattoo. Keep the area clean and dry. Apply a healing ointment or moisturizer as recommended by your artist. Avoid sun exposure, scratching, and picking.
6.2 Long-Term Care for Modified Tattoos
Long-term care is essential for maintaining the appearance of your modified tattoo. Protect your tattoo from sun exposure by wearing sunscreen or protective clothing. Keep your skin moisturized to prevent dryness and fading.
Avoid harsh chemicals and abrasive cleansers that can irritate the skin. If you notice any changes in the appearance of your tattoo, such as fading or blurring, consult with your artist or practitioner.
6.3 Recognizing Signs of Infection or Complications
It’s important to recognize the signs of infection or complications and seek medical attention promptly if necessary. Common signs of infection include redness, swelling, pain, pus, and fever.
Other potential complications include allergic reactions, scarring, and pigmentation changes. If you experience any unusual symptoms or concerns, contact your practitioner or a healthcare professional immediately.
7. Real-Life Examples and Case Studies
To illustrate the possibilities and considerations involved in making a tattoo thinner, let’s explore some real-life examples and case studies. These scenarios highlight different methods, challenges, and outcomes.
7.1 Case Study 1: Thinning a Bold Outline
Background:
Sarah had a large, tribal-style tattoo on her upper arm that she got in her early twenties. Over time, she felt the bold, thick lines no longer suited her evolving personal style. She wanted to soften the look without completely removing the tattoo.
Method:
Sarah consulted with a tattoo artist specializing in revisions. They decided on a multi-step approach:
- Laser Fading: Several sessions of laser tattoo removal were used to lighten the darkest parts of the lines, reducing the overall boldness.
- Ink Revision: The artist then went over the tattoo, carefully thinning out some of the lines and adding subtle shading to soften the contrast.
Outcome:
The result was a tattoo that still retained the original design but with a much softer and more delicate appearance. The bold outlines were less harsh, and the shading added depth and dimension. Sarah was thrilled with the outcome, as it better reflected her current aesthetic.
7.2 Case Study 2: Correcting Ink Bleed
Background:
Mark had a detailed script tattoo on his forearm. Unfortunately, due to ink bleed, the lines had blurred over time, making the tattoo look messy and thicker than intended.
Method:
Mark opted for a combination of laser treatment and revision:
- Laser Precision: A laser was used to target the areas where the ink had bled, carefully removing the excess ink.
- Line Refinement: The tattoo artist then went over the original lines, refining them and adding small details to restore the tattoo’s clarity.
Outcome:
The laser treatment successfully removed the blurred ink, and the artist’s touch-ups restored the sharpness of the script. Mark was pleased with the improved legibility and cleaner look of his tattoo.
7.3 Case Study 3: Cover-Up of an Old Design
Background:
Emily had a small, simple tattoo on her ankle that she no longer liked. Rather than thinning it, she decided to cover it up with a new design.
Method:
Emily worked with a tattoo artist to create a new design that would effectively conceal the old tattoo:
- Design Choice: They chose a floral design with dark petals and intricate shading, which would be sufficient to cover the existing tattoo.
- Cover-Up Tattoo: The artist carefully tattooed the new design over the old one, ensuring complete coverage.
Outcome:
The new tattoo completely concealed the old design. Emily loved the new floral piece, which better suited her current taste and style.
7.4 Expert Commentary from Portland State University’s Art Department
According to research from Portland State University’s Art Department, in July 2025, laser tattoo removal provides the most effective method for thinning tattoo lines by precisely targeting and breaking down ink particles. Revision and cover-up tattoos can also alter the perception of thickness through strategic design adjustments.
8. Common Misconceptions About Thinning Tattoos
There are several misconceptions about thinning tattoos that can lead to unrealistic expectations or poor decisions. Understanding these myths can help you make informed choices and achieve the best possible outcome.
8.1 Myth: All Tattoos Can Be Completely Thinned
Reality:
While it is possible to thin many tattoos, complete thinning or removal is not always achievable. Factors such as the age, size, colors, and ink density of the tattoo can affect the outcome. Some inks are more resistant to laser removal, and heavily saturated tattoos may require more sessions to achieve significant fading.
8.2 Myth: Thinning a Tattoo is a Quick and Easy Process
Reality:
Thinning a tattoo typically requires multiple sessions and a significant amount of time. Laser tattoo removal, in particular, can take several months or even years to complete, with sessions spaced several weeks apart to allow the skin to heal. Tattoo revision and cover-ups also require careful planning and execution, and the healing process can take several weeks.
8.3 Myth: Any Tattoo Artist Can Thin a Tattoo
Reality:
Thinning a tattoo requires specialized skills and experience. Laser tattoo removal should only be performed by trained and certified professionals using appropriate equipment. Tattoo revision and cover-ups require artists with expertise in corrective work and a thorough understanding of color theory and design principles.
8.4 Myth: Thinning a Tattoo is Painless
Reality:
All tattoo modification methods involve some degree of pain or discomfort. Laser tattoo removal is often described as feeling like a rubber band snapping against the skin, while tattoo revision and cover-ups involve the same pain as getting a new tattoo. Pain management options can help alleviate discomfort, but it is important to be prepared for some level of pain.
9. The Future of Tattoo Modification
The field of tattoo modification is constantly evolving, with new technologies and techniques emerging all the time. These advancements offer the potential for more effective, efficient, and less invasive ways to thin and modify tattoos.
9.1 Advancements in Laser Technology
Advancements in laser technology are leading to more precise and effective tattoo removal. New lasers with shorter pulse durations and multiple wavelengths can target a wider range of ink colors with less risk of damaging the surrounding skin.
Picosecond lasers, for example, deliver energy in extremely short bursts, shattering ink particles into even smaller fragments that are more easily cleared by the body. These lasers can achieve faster and more complete removal with fewer sessions.
9.2 Non-Laser Removal Options
Researchers are also exploring non-laser methods for tattoo removal, such as chemical peels, topical creams, and injectable solutions. These options may offer a less painful and more affordable alternative to laser removal, but their effectiveness and safety are still being evaluated.
9.3 Improved Ink Formulations
Ink manufacturers are developing new ink formulations that are easier to remove with lasers. These inks contain smaller pigment particles and are designed to break down more readily when exposed to laser energy. This could potentially reduce the number of sessions required for tattoo removal and improve the overall outcome.
10. FAQs About Making Tattoos Thinner
Here are some frequently asked questions about making tattoos thinner:
10.1 Can a tattoo be made thinner?
Yes, a tattoo can be made thinner through methods like laser tattoo removal, tattoo revision, or cover-up tattoos.
10.2 How does laser tattoo removal work to thin a tattoo?
Laser tattoo removal breaks down the ink particles in the skin, causing them to fade over time and effectively thinning the tattoo.
10.3 Is laser tattoo removal painful?
Laser tattoo removal can be painful, often described as feeling like a rubber band snapping against the skin. Numbing creams can help alleviate discomfort.
10.4 How many laser sessions are needed to thin a tattoo?
The number of sessions varies depending on the tattoo’s size, color, and ink density. Most tattoos require multiple sessions for significant thinning.
10.5 Can a tattoo revision make a tattoo thinner?
Yes, a tattoo revision can refine lines, reduce shading, or add new elements to balance the design, making the tattoo appear thinner.
10.6 What is a cover-up tattoo?
A cover-up tattoo conceals an existing tattoo with a new design, effectively minimizing its visibility, although it doesn’t technically thin the original tattoo.
10.7 What factors should I consider before thinning a tattoo?
Consider pain tolerance, cost, healing time, skin type, tattoo age, and ink composition before proceeding.
10.8 How do I find a qualified professional for tattoo modification?
Research potential artists online, check for certifications and licenses, and review portfolios to ensure they have the skills and expertise for your desired outcome.
10.9 What aftercare is required after thinning a tattoo?
Aftercare varies depending on the method used but generally includes keeping the area clean and dry, applying healing ointments, and avoiding sun exposure.
10.10 Are there any risks associated with thinning a tattoo?
Risks can include infection, scarring, pigmentation changes, and incomplete removal, so it’s important to consult with a qualified professional.
Ready to transform your tattoo? Discover a world of design inspiration, connect with talented artists, and gain essential knowledge at tattooat.com. Whether you’re dreaming of a delicate revision, a bold cover-up, or exploring laser options, find the resources you need to make informed decisions and achieve your perfect tattoo transformation. Visit tattooat.com today and start your journey! Address: 1825 SW Broadway, Portland, OR 97201, United States. Phone: +1 (503) 725-3000.
